Immigration & shipping guide

Tips to find an arrival

Types of passenger arrivals

1. Unassisted (free) passengers

Also known as free settlers, unassisted passengers paid their own way to New South Wales.

We hold records of free settlers from 1792-1922. Most of these records relate to free settlers arriving in Sydney.

Passenger lists are arranged chronologically by arrival of the ship. As there are no comprehensive indexes to passengers arriving after 1855, and if the name of the ship and the exact year of arrival are unknown, researchers will need to try to determine the date of arrival from other sources listed here and on the Indexes tab above.

The website Mariners and Ships in Australian Waters is digitising and indexing lists of unassisted passengers arriving in Sydney between 1845 and 1922.

The passenger lists are also available on the Ancestry website. We and many public libraries in Australia provide free access to Ancestry to members of the public.

2. Assisted passengers

This term refers to people whose passage was subsidised or paid for through one of the assisted immigration schemes that operated in New South Wales.

We hold records of assisted immigrants from 1828-1896. These records generally provide valuable information on each assisted immigrant such as native place and parents' names.

Passengers arriving in Newcastle

We hold records of some assisted immigrant arrivals to Newcastle which are listed in the index Assisted Immigrants Index. Later records of passengers arriving in and departing from Newcastle, 1865-1935 are held by the National Archives of Australia.

Immigration Deposit Journals

Printed sources

• Ian Nicholson. Log of Logs — a catalogue of logs, journals, shipboard diaries, letters and all forms of voyage narratives, 1788-1988 for Australia and New Zealand and surrounding oceans, Aranda, ACT, Roebuck, 1990.
• Ian Nicholson. Log of Logs Volume 2 — a catalogue of logs, journals, shipboard diaries, letters and all forms of voyage narratives, 1788-1988 for Australia and New Zealand and surrounding oceans, QLD, I. Nicholson, 1993.
• Ian Nicholson. Log of Logs — a catalogue of logs, journals, shipboard diaries, letters and all forms of voyage narratives, 1788-1998 for Australia and New Zealand and surrounding oceans, QLD, I. Nicholson, 1998.

Digitised copies also available on the Zenoob website as part of the ACRE (Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions across Earth) data rescue effort.

3. Convicts

We hold records concerning the convicts who were transported to New South Wales, 1788-1842. See the Convicts Guide for further information on convicts and families of convicts. Correspondence relating to convicts may often reveal the ship and year of arrival of an individual.

Some useful series and indexes relating to arrival include:

Other immigration sources

Musters and papers of convict ships

Lists of immigrants on convict ships can be located in the musters and papers of those vessels.

Correspondence

Colonial Secretary

The Colonial Secretary was one of the most important and influential government officials throughout the 19th century, especially in the period up to 1856. Surviving correspondence created by the Colonial Secretary's Office can be invaluable for all types of research. It is one of the main alternative sources to be used to determine arrival details.

A useful series for arrivals is:

Immigration

The Immigration Agent's correspondence may be useful for locating an immigrant's arrival. See the Immigration Agent agency information in the our catalogue for further details.

Reports

Indexes to these reports, arranged by the names of the ships, are available in the Reading Room.

Passengers arriving in other states

Because of the changes to colonial boundaries in the nineteenth century, we hold assisted immigration records to Port Phillip (Victoria), 1839-51 and Moreton Bay (Queensland), 1848-59. Other records of passengers arriving in other states are usually held with the local state archives organizations, and later the National Archives of Australia.

Printed sources

• PA Pemberton, Pure Merinos and Others: The 'Shipping Lists' of the Australian Agricultural Company. Canberra, Australian National University Archives of Business and Labour, 1986.
• Ian A Hughes, Index to passengers to Port Phillip from Commonwealth and foreign ports, 1838-51. Ian A Hughes, Melbourne, 1981.
• Ian A Hughes, Index to passengers to Port Phillip from Scotland, 1839-51. Ian A Hughes, Melbourne, 1980.
• Ian A Hughes, Index to passengers to Port Phillip from Southern England and Ireland, 1839-51. Ian A Hughes, Melbourne, 1981.
• Ian A Hughes, Index to passengers to Port Phillip from Liverpool, 1839-51. Ian A Hughes, Melbourne, 1982.
• Ian A Hughes, Index to coastal passengers to Port Phillip, 1839-42. Ian A Hughes, Melbourne, 1983-84.
• Other sources that may document later events in an immigrant's life can be useful sources for arrival information. Many records may mention a ship and year of arrival, including mental hospital, gaol records, naturalization, census and some occupation records. These and further records are covered in other guides and finding aids.

Researchers should consult our catalogue as well as the Guide to Shipping and Free Passenger Records (Shipping Guide), available in the reading room.

Passengers Departing

With Respect to the Departures and Deaths of Convicts and Settlers, I have to Inform Your Lordship that no regular Account of these Circumstances has been ever deemed Necessary to be kept here in a Separate or distinct Form. The Departures are only registered in the Musters of Ship's Companies…^[1]

Settlers and All other Persons, Who Originally Arrived Free in this Country, When about to leave it, are Inserted in the Ship's Musters Attached to the Clearances, under the General Head of Free persons.^[2]

In future I shall have a Correct Register kept of the Departures of all Persons, Who at any time have been Convicts here… and Copies of I shall transmit from time to Your Lordship.^[3]

Governor Macquarie's despatch to the Earl of Liverpool dated 17 November 1812 stated that:

The earliest departure list is dated 1794 but apart from the Ships musters, 1816-25 (NRS 1289), outward passenger lists were not regularly maintained until 1898.

These registers appear to have been kept as the series Returns of persons originally convicts, who have been cleared out of the port of Sydney in the year 1826 and 1827 are abstracts from them. The series NRS 1289, Ships Musters, 1816-25 is the 'Musters of Ship's Companies' referred to in the second paragraph.

Given the paucity of the records, it seems likely that the practice of maintaining the registers of former convicts departing the colony and the musters of ship's companies was not continued beyond the late 1820s.

The Merchant Shipping Act 1894 stated 'the master of every ship carrying steerage passengers… should before demanding a clearance for his ship, sign in duplicate a passenger list… setting forth the name and other particulars of the ship and of every passenger, whether cabin or steerage on board thereof'.

In accordance with this requirement, lists of departing passengers were kept in New South Wales from the beginning of 1898 until 1922. Responsibility for this function was transferred to the Commonwealth Government in 1923.

Select list of record series relating to departures

Colonial Secretary

Shipping Master's Office

Other sources

Newspapers

As there are no official lists for the period 1826-98 alternative sources, such as newspapers, can be of assistance as impending departures were frequently advertised for the benefit of creditors. 19th Century newspapers are available on the National Library of Australia's Trove website. Original copies of newspapers may be held by the State Library of New South Wales.

Departures from Sydney after 1922; from Newcastle 1865-1935

The National Archives of Australia (NAA) holds Sydney outward passenger lists from 1923 onwards and lists of departures from Newcastle between 1865 and 1935.

"Offline" Indexes - available in the reading room

Additional Indexes

• Grafton Family History Centre: Index of passengers and crew in and out of Sydney from Sydney newspapers, 1830-41 (Fiche 6085-6099)
• Grafton Family History Centre: Free passengers & crew on convict ships into Sydney, 1830-40 (Fiche 5960-5962)
• Pastkeys: Free railway passes (NSW) index, 1880-92 (Fiche 6118-6126)
• Western Australian Genealogical Society: Passenger arrivals in Western Australia, 1839-90. Available on the stand-alone computers in the reading room.
• Western Australian Genealogical Society: Fremantle Interstate Shipping Arrivals, 1885-1908 (Fiche 6436-6447)
• Ancestors on Board website. Published in association with The National Archives (UK) and indexes departures from the UK, from 1890. Whilst there is a fee for viewing records, the online index is free of charge.
• Western Australian Genealogical Society Passenger arrivals in Western Australia, 1898-1925. Available on the stand-alone computers in the reading room.
• National Archives of Australia: Index to passenger arrivals, 1926-47. Available via the online database Record Search at National Archives of Australia.

Ships papers and notes

The following list was extracted from Appendix A of the Shipping Guide which is available in the reading room. It includes records from the following series:

This list is arranged alphabetically by name of ship:

Footnotes

1. Historical Records of Australia, Series 1, vol. 7, 17 November 1812, p.616.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.